Makamashi mai sabuntawa - iko da makomar gaba

Energyarfin yana kan zuciyar ƙalubalen yanayi - kuma mabuɗin don mafita.

Babban yakan gas na ƙasa wanda aka bar duniya da tarko da zafin rana ana samunsu ta hanyar samar da makamashi, ta hanyar ƙona maniyyi don samar da wutar lantarki da zafi.

Burbushin Burs, kamar kwal, mai da gas, suna da mafi girman mai ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi na duniya da kusan kashi 90 na dukkanin tovenside na carbon na duniya.

Kimiyyar a bayyane yake: Don nisantar mafi munin tasirin canjin yanayi, an buƙace su da kusan rabi da 2030 kuma ya iso Net-sifi-sifi-sifili ta 2050.

To achieve this, we need to end our reliance on fossil fuels and invest in alternative sources of energy that are clean, accessible, affordable, sustainable, and reliable.

Abubuwan da ke cikin makamashi na sabuntawa - waɗanda ke da yawa a cikin yalwar kewaye da mu, sun bayar da iska, ruwa, su daɗaɗɗa da ƙoshin gas ko ƙazanta a cikin iska.

Burbushin wuta har yanzu yana da asusu na sama da kashi 80 na samar da makamashi ta duniya, amma kafofin masu tsabtace suna samun ƙasa. Kimanin kashi 29 cikin dari na rashin wutar lantarki a yanzu ya fito ne daga hanyoyin sake sabuntawa.

Anan ne dalilai biyar da yasa hanzarta canzawar makamashi don tsaftace makamashi hanya ce zuwa lafiya, m duniya da kuma zamanin da za su zo.

1. Hanyoyin samar da makamashi masu sabuntawa suna kewaye da mu kusan kashi 80 na mutanen duniya suna zaune a cikin masu samar da kayan aikin burbushin halittu daga wasu ƙasashe, waɗanda suke sa su zama masu rauni ga gefolitical firgita da rikice-rikice. Ya bambanta, hanyoyin samar da makamashi na sabuntawa suna samuwa a duk ƙasashe, kuma har yanzu yuwuwar har yanzu ba za a sami cikakkiyar harness ba. Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (Irena) na wutar lantarki ta iya zuwa da kuma ya taimaka wajen inganta tattalin arziƙi da kare su daga farashin da ba a iya faɗi ba Fossil man fetur, yayin tuki cigaban tattalin arziki, sabbin ayyuka, da rage talauci.

2. Makamashi mai sabuntawa mai araha ne mai araha mai araha shine mafi arha mai arha a yawancin sassan duniya a yau. Farashin na sabunta hanyoyin samar da makamashi na sabuntawa suna faduwa cikin sauri. Kudin wutar lantarki daga ikon hasken rana ya faɗi da kashi 85 tsakanin 2010 da 2020. Kudin ƙarfin iska ya faɗi da kashi 56 da 48 cikin 100 zuwa kashi bi da shi. Farashin fadawa yana yin sabunta makamashi mafi kyawu duka - ciki har da ƙasashe masu ƙima, inda yawancin ƙarin buƙatun don sabon wutar lantarki zai fito. Tare da farashi mai yawa, akwai ainihin damar da yawa daga cikin sabon wutar lantarki a cikin shekaru masu zuwa za a samar da su ta hanyar kafafun carbon. Wutar wutar lantarki daga majami'u mai sabuntawa na iya samar da kashi 65 na wadataccen wutar lantarki ta 2050, mambonan kashi 90 na yanki da taimakawa rage canjin yanayi. Kodayake ana sa ran farashin wutar lantarki da farashin iska na sama da 2023 sannan farashin pre-pandmics na gaba ɗaya cikin gas da farashin mai, in ji hukumar mai yawa ( Iea).

3. Makamashi mai sabuntawa yana da koshin lafiya bisa ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), kusan kashi 99 na mutane a cikin rayuwar da suka wuce sama da su, kuma fiye da mutuwar da suka wuce a kowace shekara suka cika Guji abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli, gami da gurbataccen iska. Matakan rashin lafiya na kyawawan abubuwa da nitrogen dioxide sun samo asali ne daga kona daga kona burtsafus. A shekara ta 2018, gurbataccen iska daga man fetur na burbushin da ke haifar da dala tiriliyan 2.9 a cikin kiwon lafiya da kuma farashin tattalin arziki, kusan dala biliyan 8 a rana. Sauyawa ga tsaftataccen tushe na makamashi, kamar iska da hasken rana, don haka yana taimakawa adireshi ba kawai canjin yanayi da lafiya da kiwon lafiya ba.

4. Makamashi mai sabuntawa yana haifar da ayyuka kowane dala a cikin sabuntawa yana haifar da ƙarin ayyuka sau uku fiye da yadda aka samar da masana'antu na burbushin halittu. IEA ta kiyasta cewa canjin zuwa Net -ע-Za'a iya haifar da karuwa a gaba daya a kan 2030, ana kimanta wasu ayyukan samar da miliyan 14 a cikin makamashi miliyan 14 a cikin makamashi mai tsabta, haifar da ribar da aka samu daga raga miliyan 9. Bugu da kari, masana'antun da suka shafi karfi zasu bukaci ma'aikata miliyan 16, kamar yadda za a ci sabbin darus a masana'antar motocin lantarki ko kuma fasahar kirkira kamar hydrogen. This means that a total of more than 30 million jobs could be created in clean energy, efficiency, and low-emissions technologies by 2030. Ensuring a just transition, placing the needs and rights of people at the heart of the energy transition, will be Paramount don tabbatar da cewa babu wanda ya bar baya.

5. Makamashi mai sabuntawa yana yin ma'anar tattalin arziƙi game da $ 5.9 tiriliyan a cikin tallafin masana'antu, da kuma lalacewar haraji, da kuma lalacewar muhalli da kuma rashin lafiyar da ba a saka farashi ba. A kwatankwacin, kusan $ 4 tiriliyan a shekara ta buƙaci a sauke su a cikin makamashi na sabuntawa har zuwa 2050. Kudin sa na iya zama da wahala ga ƙasashe da yawa tare da iyakance albarkatu, Kuma mutane da yawa zasu buƙaci tallafi na kuɗi da fasaha don yin canji. Amma zuba jari a cikin sabunta makamashi zai biya. Rage gurbataccen gurbata da yanayin yanayi shi kadai zai iya ajiye duniya har zuwa $ 4.2 tiriliyan a shekara ta wuce gona da iri zuwa zaɓin samar da wuraren samar da wutar lantarki.